Improvement in deep-well pumps



' l Witnesses: ,g Invenor MLK` N.PETERS. FHOTOJJTHUGRAPHER, WASHINGTON DC UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

S. EMILIUS HEWES, OF ALBANY., NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN DEEP-WELL PUMPS.

Specilication forming part of Letters Patent No. 50,932, (lated November14, 1865.

llo all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, S. EMILIUs HEwEs, ofAlbany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Pumps 'or Oil and other Deep Wells; and Idohereby declare that the folfowing is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to makeand use the same reference being had to the accompanying drawilig,forming part of this specication.

The drawing, consisting of only one gure,

represents, partly in section, apump iliade according to my invention.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The object ot' this invention is to produce a pump i'or operating deepwells, such, for iu stance,asoilwells; anditconsists,amongother things,in securing the cylinder ot' the pump within and near the lower end ofthe ordinary well-tube, which is usually carried down to, or nearly to,the bottom of the well.

It also consists in extending the well-tube, or that portion thereofintowhich the bottom of the pump-cylinder is secured, some distance belowthe pump, the extended part being perforated with numerous holes toadmit oil or other liquid, as well as gas, to the valve in the bottomot' the pump. The piston and piston-rod are hollow, the piston beingmade of considerable length, and its diameter being reduced at two ormore places intermediate of its extremities, to allow any liquid whichlinds its way between it and the sides of the cylinder to be collectedin the annular spaces left at such reduced places, and so prevent anyinjurious eii'ect upon the working of the piston. The piston is usedwithout packing, being made, with the exception of the reduced placesabove mentioned, ot' a diameter sutlcient to occupy the cylinder of thepump and at the same time be capable of being moved freely up `and downin it. The lower end of the piston is brought to a sharp edge bybeveling its bottom on the inside, thereby making its bottom in itsinterior of a conical or funnel shape, the narrowest part forming theseat of the piston-valve.

O is the pump-cylinder. It carries at its lower end a ball-valve workingin a cage. The valve is conned in place by a ring, B, on Whose ppper endis formed the seat ot the valve. This ring ts within the lower edge ofthe cylinder and is confined and held in place bymeansof a section,A,ofthe well-tube which screws overit onto the outside ot the cylinder, soas to inc-lose the ring between a shoulderin the section and the end ofthe cylinder. This section extends below the cylinder three or more feetdown to the bottom ofthe well, and is perforated with numerous holes toadmit tluids and liquids to the pump. The upper end of the cylinder isclosed by a cap, through which the piston-rod works as usual, but such acap is not seen in this example ot' my invention.

To the upper end ofthe cylinder is secured, by a screw-joint coupling orin any other proper way, the upper section, A', of the well-tube, whichsection is carried up through the oilpipe to the top of the well, or ashigh as is desired, where it is covered by a cap, D, through which thepistoiriod passes. The cylinder G is, moreover, to be inclosed by acylinder, A2, which is a section of well-tubing, and is to be screwed orjoined by couplings or otherwise onto sections A A ot' the well-tube.

E designates the piston of the pump. Its sides are not packed, as inordinary pumps, but it is made of considerable length and lls thecylinder as nearly as may be and yet al low it to move freely up anddown within it. Its diameter is reduced at two or more placesintermediate ofits ends, as at F F, in this example (to form annular'spaces for receiving any oil or other liquid) or any sand or foreignmatter which may get between the piston and the cylinder. In this waythe cylinder as well as the piston will be preserved from being wornaway or injured by such sand or other foreign substance and the bindingot' the piston prevented. The piston is hollow and carries a ball-valvein a cage near its lower end, the piston below the valve-seat beingbeveled off toward its circumference so as to produce a sharp edge atits bottom. This edge will serve to keep the sides ofthe cylinder freefrom paraftine, from sand, and other possible sources of injury andobstruction, and will force such matters down to the bottom of thecylinder. The piston-rod is hollow and is carried to the top ofthe well,whereit has a spout, Gr, and its upper end is to be jformed so that itcan be connected to the walking-beam or other means for operating it.The upper section, Af, of the Well-tube is carried up through thesoiltube.

The piston should be made of bronze and the cylinder of the pump ofbrass.

1t will be observed that there is no packing over the piston of thispump.k The boxes ot' the valves are to be made strong, so as to bedurable and capable of resisting the strain of the pump and the weightot' the column of liquid in the piston and piston-rod. The bead ot' thepiston is not subjected to the Weight of the liquid, but the column ofliquid, being coniined in the piston-rod, rests directly on thepistonfvalve, and its pressure acts against the inner sides of thepiston and so prevents any possibility of their being collapsed orforced inward. When gas rushes into a well which has my pump the valveswill not obstruct its escape, and it will have a free and straightcourse through the pump from bottom to top.

It will be observed that the water or oil is lifted on the upward motionot' the piston and hollow pistonvrod, but does not at that time flowfrom the spout G, but on the downward movement ot' the said piston andpistonrod, by means of the lowering of the point of discharge, thecontents iow out at G, as they are prevented by the valve B from iowingout below. The lifting ot the water, oil, SUG.,

3. Bringing' the lower part ot' the piston below the seat of its valveto a sharp edge, substantially as and for the purpose above described.

4. The arrangementot' the hollow piston-rod, piston valves, andcylinder, constructed and operated as described, so that the upward andlifting and downward and discharging actions and operations arealternate and distinct.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 19th day ofSeptember, 1865.

S. EMILIUS HEWES.

VVituesses M. M. LIVINGSTON, J. VAN SANzrvooRD.

